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 PRONOUNS – The Name Replacers!

What is a Pronoun?

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Instead of saying the noun again and again, we use a pronoun to make our sentence smoother and less repetitive.


 Let’s Pretend...

You keep saying:
"Ava has a doll. Ava loves the doll. Ava takes the doll everywhere."

It sounds like a robot! 

Now, Let’s use pronouns:

"Ava has a doll. She loves it. She takes it everywhere."

Now that sounds much better!

 

 Types of Pronouns (With Examples)


1. Personal Pronouns
 

Replace specific people or things

Example : I, you, he, she, it, we, they
 

2. Possessive Pronouns
 

Show ownership

Example : mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
 

3. Demonstrative Pronouns
 

Point to something

Example : this, that, these, those
 

4. Reflexive Pronouns
 

Reflect back to the subject

Example : myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves
 

5. Interrogative Pronouns
 

Ask questions

Example : who, whom, whose, what, which
 

6. Relative Pronouns

Link parts of a sentence

Example: who, which, that, whose

 

 

We use different kinds of pronouns depending on what we're talking about.

Let’s explore each one like a little story!

 

1. Personal Pronouns – Talking About People and Things!
 

These pronouns are used instead of names of people, animals, or things.
 

They help us avoid repeating names again and again.

 

 

  Types of Personal Pronouns:

 

We use different words depending on:

 

Who is speaking
 

Who we are speaking to
 

Who or what we are talking about

 

 

 

1.“I” and “Me” – Talking About Yourself (1 person)

 

I is used when you are doing something.
 

Me is used when someone else is doing something to you.

 

Examples:

 

I am going to the park. → (You are doing the action.)
 

Mom hugged me. → (Mom is doing something to you.)

 

Tip: “I” comes at the start of a sentence. “Me” comes after a verb.
 

2. “We” and “Us”  – Talking About Yourself + Someone Else (Group)

 

We is used when you and someone else are doing something.
 

Us is used when something is happening to you and others.

 

Examples:

 

We are painting a picture. → (You and a friend are painting.)
 

 The teacher gave us a sticker. → (The teacher gave something to you and others.)

 

Tip:  “We” is the subject (doer), “us” is the object (receiver).

 

 

 

3.“You” – Talking To Someone

 

 Used when you are speaking to one person or many people.

 

 Examples:

 

You are funny! → (Talking to a friend.)
 

You all did a great job! → (Talking to a group.)

 

Tip: “You” can mean one or many

 

 

 

4.“He / Him” – Talking About a Boy/Man

 

He is doing something.
 

Him is getting something done to him.

 

Examples:

 

He is playing soccer. → (He = the boy doing the action.)
 

 I saw him at the store. → (You are doing something to him.)

 

 

 

5. She / Her” – Talking About a Girl/Woman

 

She is doing something.
 

Her is getting something done to her.

 

Examples:

 

Sheis singing. → (She = girl doing the action.)
 

We called her. → (We did something to her.)

 

 6. “They / Them” – Talking About Many People/Animals/Things
 

  • They is used when a group is doing something.
     

  • Them is used when a group is receiving something.
     

 Examples:
 

  • They are building a sandcastle. → (Group is doing the action.)
     

  • I helped them with homework. → (You did something for them.)
     

 7. “It” – Talking About One Animal or Thing
 

  • Use it when talking about 1 animal (if gender is unknown) or 1 object.
     

Examples:
 

  • It is raining. → (Talking about the weather.)
     

  • I found a ball. It is red. → (It = the ball.)

 

 Why These Are Personal Pronouns?
 

They are called personal because they show:
 

  • Who is speaking (I, we)
     

  • Who is being spoken to (you)
     

  • Who is being spoken about (he, she, they, etc.)
     

They help make sentences shorter and smoother.

 

 Quick Pronoun Swap Game:

Maya is dancing. → She is dancing.

John and I are laughing. → We are laughing.

I saw  Lee and Aura . → I saw them.

The cat is cute. → It is cute.

I have a secret  Tip for you :
 

  • If you are doing something, use I / we / he / she / they.

  • If something is done to you or others, use me / us / him / her / them.


    Possessive Pronouns
     

Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone.

They tell us who owns what — without repeating the name or noun again.

 

 1. My – before a thing
 

Use “my” when you talk about something that belongs to you.

Example: This is my pencil.

(It belongs to me.)

 

 2. Mine – replaces the noun
 

Use “mine” when you don’t want to repeat the thing again.

Example: This pencil is mine.

(You don’t need to say “my pencil” again.)

 

 3. Your – before a thing
 

Use “your” when talking about something that belongs to the person you’re talking to.
🎒 Example: Is this your bag?

 

 4. Yours – replaces the noun
 

Use “yours” when you don’t want to say the thing again.
🎒 Example: This bag is yours.

 

 5. His – before or after the thing
 

Use “his” when something belongs to a boy or a man.
👟 Example: These are his shoes.
👟 Example: These shoes are his.
(Both ways are correct.)

 

 6. Her – before the thing
 

Use “her” when something belongs to a girl or a woman.
📚 Example: This is her book.

 

 7. Hers – replaces the noun
 

Use “hers” when you don’t want to say the noun again.
📚 Example: This book is hers.

 

 8. Its – before a thing (used with animals or things)
 

Use “its” when something belongs to an animal or object.
🐶 Example: The dog is eating its food.
(We don’t say “it’s” here — “it’s” = it is, not possessive.)

 

 9. Our – before the thing
 

Use “our” when something belongs to you and others.
🏡 Example: This is our house.
(You + your family or friends)

 

 10 .Ours – replaces the noun
 

Use “ours” when you don’t want to repeat the thing.
🏡 Example: That house is ours.

 

 11. Their – before the thing
 

Use “their” when something belongs to a group of people.
🎓 Example: These are their uniforms.

 

 12. Theirs – replaces the noun
 

Use “theirs” when you don’t want to repeat the thing.
🎓 Example: Those uniforms are theirs.

 

 Why These Are Possessive Pronouns?
 

They are called possessive because they show:

  • Who owns something

  • Who something belongs to

  • They help avoid repeating names or nouns.
     

For example:
Instead of saying, “That is Emma’s backpack,” you can say, “That is hers.”

 

 Quick Pronoun  Swap  Game
 

 This is my toy. → This toy is mine.
That is your pen. → That pen is yours.
These are our cookies. → These cookies are ours.
The yellow bike belongs to him. → It is his.
This red dress is hers. → It is hers.
These books belong to them. → They are theirs.
 


Types of Demonstrative Pronouns:
 

There are 4 main demonstrative pronouns we use in English.

 

 1. “This” – Talking About One Thing That Is Close

  • Use this when pointing to one thing that is near you.

 Examples:

  • This is my book. → (The book is near you.)

  • Look at this cute puppy! → (You're close to the puppy.)
     

Tip: Use “this” for one thing you can touch or see nearby.

 

 2. “That” – Talking About One Thing That Is Far
 

  • Use that when pointing to one thing that is far away.

 Examples:

  • That is a tall building. → (The building is far away.)

  • Do you see that balloon in the sky? → (You’re pointing to something far.)
     

 Tip: Use “that” for one thing that’s not near you.

 

3. “These” – Talking About More Than One Thing That Is Close

  • Use these when talking about many things that are near you.

 Examples:

  • These are my toys. → (The toys are near you.)

  • These apples look fresh. → (You can see or hold the apples.)

Tip: “These” = more than one, close to you.

 

 4. “Those” – Talking About More Than One Thing That Is Far

  • Use those when talking about many things that are far away.

 Examples:

  • Those are stars in the sky. → (You’re pointing to things far away.)

  • Those children are playing in the park. → (The children are far from you.)

 Tip: “Those” = more than one, far from you.

 

 Why These Are Demonstrative Pronouns?
 

They are called demonstrative because they demonstrate or show what you're talking about.

They help us say exactly which thing or things we mean, without using long descriptions.

 

 Quick Pronoun  Swap  Revision

​

 The cupcake is yummy. → This is yummy.
The mountain is huge. → That is huge.
The kittens are soft. → These are soft.
The toys on the shelf are old. → Those are old.



What Are Reflexive Pronouns?
 

Reflexive pronouns are words we use when someone does something to themselves.

They are used when the subject and the object of the sentence are the same person.

 

 How to Use Reflexive Pronouns?
 

We use reflexive pronouns when someone does something to themselves.

 

1. “Myself” – When I do something to me

 Examples:

  • I cut myself while cooking.

  • I made this card all by myself!

 Tip: Use “myself” when you do something to you.

 

 2. “Yourself” – When you do something to you

 Examples:

  • Be careful, don’t hurt yourself.

  • Did you paint this picture by yourself?

 Tip: Use “yourself” when one person does something to themselves.

 

 3. “Himself” – When he does something to him

 Examples:

  • He looked at himself in the mirror.

  • The boy made the sandwich by himself.
     

 Tip: Use “himself” when the boy/man is both the doer and the receiver.

 

 4. “Herself” – When she does something to her

 Examples:

  • She taught herself to dance.

  • Mom fixed the toy by herself.
     

 Tip: Use “herself” when the girl/woman is doing it to herself.

 

5. “Itself” – When an animal or thing does something to itself
 

 Examples:

  • The cat cleaned itself.

  • The robot turned itself off.

 Tip: Use “itself” for things or animals.

 

6. “Ourselves” – When we do something to us

 Examples:

  • We enjoyed ourselves at the party.

  • We made the cake ourselves!

 Tip: Use “ourselves” for more than one person, including you.

 

 7. “Yourselves” – When you (more than one person) do something to yourselves

 Examples:

  • Kids, be good and behave yourselves.

  • Did you all finish the game by yourselves?
     

 Tip: Use “yourselves” when talking to a group.

 

 8. “Themselves” – When they do something to them

 Examples:

  • The kids cleaned up by themselves.

  • They made lunch themselves.
     

 Tip: Use “themselves” for more than one person not including you.

 

 Why They’re  Called  Reflexive?
 

The word “reflexive” comes from “reflect” — like a mirror.
The action bounces back to the person who does it.

 

 Quick  Reflexive  Pronoun  Swap Practice 
 

 I drew this picture. → I drew it myself.
She dressed the doll. → She dressed it herself.
The cat cleaned the fur. → The cat cleaned itself.
They made the cookies. → They made them themselves.
 

 

 What Are Interrogative Pronouns?
 

Interrogative pronouns are question words we use when we don’t know something and want to ask about it.

These pronouns help us ask questions about people, things, or choices.

 

 Common Interrogative Pronouns:

There are 5 main interrogative pronouns we use in English.

 

 1. “Who” – Asking About a Person

  • Use who when you want to know which person did something or is someone.

 Examples:

  • Who is knocking at the door?

  • Who won the race?

 Tip: Use “who” when you're talking about people.
 

 2. “Whom” – Asking About the Person Receiving the Action (less common for kids)

  • Use whom when asking about someone who is getting something done to them.

 Examples:

  • Whom did you call?

  • Whom are they helping?
     

 Tip: You don’t need to use “whom” often in everyday talk. Most people just say who!

 

3. “What” – Asking About a Thing or Idea

  • Use what when asking about things, ideas, or information.

 Examples:

  • What is your favorite color?

  • What are you eating?

 Tip: Use “what” for things, actions, or facts.
 

 4. “Which” – Asking About a Choice

  • Use which when you want to choose between options.

 Examples:

  • Which book do you want to read?

  • Which is your pencil?

 Tip: Use “which” when there are limited choices.

 

 5. “Whose” – Asking About Ownership

  • Use whose to ask who something belongs to.

 Examples:

  • Whose shoes are these?

  • Whose bag is on the table?
     

 Tip: Use “whose” when you're asking about possessions.

 

 Why These Are Called Interrogative Pronouns?
 

They are called interrogative because they help us interrogate — that means to ask questions!
They replace the unknown person or thing we are curious about.

 

 Quick Pronoun Swap Practice

 This bag belongs to a girl. → Whose bag is this?
I want to know the person who is calling. → Who is calling?
I want to know the object on the table. → What is on the table?
There are two options. I want one. → Which do you want?
You spoke to a boy? → Whom did you speak to?

 

 

 

 Now, Reading Time:
 

"Liam has a bike. He rides it every day to school. His friends wave to him as he passes by. Liam feels proud of himself."
 

 Tell the pronouns from above

 

Let's Jump to some  Fun Activities


1. Replace the Nouns
 

Emily has a teddy. Emily loves the teddy.

→ She has a teddy. She loves it.
 

Now, you Do the same 
 

  • Maya and Ben are reading books. Maya and Ben are in the library.

  • Sam made cookies. Sam shared the cookies with his friends.

 

 Find the Pronoun!
 

Underline the pronouns:
 

  • I helped my mom with dinner.

  • These are my favorite crayons.

  • Who is knocking at the door?

  • She did all the homework by herself.

 

 Draw a Pronoun Family 
 

Draw and label:
 

  • One picture for he, one for she, one for they, and one for we
    Make it fun and colorful!

 

 Quick Quiz Time!
 

  1. What do we use instead of a noun?
    a) verb
    b) pronoun
    c) adjective

  2. Which is a possessive pronoun?
    a) it
    b) they
    c) mine

  3. Choose the correct pronoun:
    My brother is funny. ___ tells great jokes.
    a) She
    b) He
    c) It



 Mini Reading Activity 
 

 Liam’s Magical Day at the Market
 

Liam went to the market by himself on Saturday.
He wanted to buy fruit, so he took a basket.
At the fruit stall, he said, “Can I have those apples, please?”
“Sure!” said the woman. “These are fresh.”
Liam gave her some coins and thanked her.
He also saw a boy who dropped his bag.
“Whose bag is this?” Liam asked.
The boy smiled and said, “It’s mine!”
Liam smiled and thought, “Someone should always help others.”
He looked at himself in a shiny spoon and laughed!
“Who knew a market could be so magical?”

 

Let's do some Comprehension + Grammar Questions
 

Part A: Find the Pronouns
 

 Find and write:

  • 2 personal pronouns

  • 2 reflexive pronouns

  • 2 demonstrative pronouns

  • 1 interrogative pronoun

  • 1 possessive pronoun

  • 1 indefinite pronoun

  • 1 relative pronoun (Hint: Look in the last sentence!)

 

Part B: True or False|
 

  • Liam went to the market with his mom.
     

  • “Those” is a demonstrative pronoun.
     

  • “His” is a reflexive pronoun.
     

  • “Someone” is an indefinite pronoun.
     

  • “Who” is used to ask a question.

 

Part C: Think & Answer
 

  • Have you ever helped someone like Liam did? What happened?
     

  • Use “yourself” in a sentence.
     

  • Which do you like more: this or that? Why?
     

  • Make a sentence using “they” and “themselves.”

 

 Creative Activities
 

 Pronoun Detective
 

Pick your favorite short story or comic. Use a highlighter to find:
 

  •  Personal pronouns
     

  •  Reflexive pronouns
     

  •  Demonstrative pronouns
     

  •  Possessive pronouns
     

  •  Interrogative pronouns
     

  •  Indefinite pronouns

​

​​

 Quick Recap: Let’s Remember!
 

 Pronouns take the place of nouns!

Here are the most common types:
 

  • Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, they

  • Reflexive: myself, yourself, herself, himself, ourselves, themselves

  • Possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours

  • Demonstrative: this, that, these, those

  • Interrogative: who, whom, whose, what, which

  • Relative: who, which, that (joins two ideas)

  • Indefinite: someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, everything


Pronouns make speaking and writing smoother and more fun!

Adjectives – The Word-Decorators!

​

 What is an Adjective?
 

An adjective is a word that describes a noun (a person, place, animal, or thing).

 It tells us what something looks like, feels like, tastes like, or how many there are!
It’s like adding sparkles  to your words!

 

 6 Types of Adjectives – With Easy Examples & Explanations!

 

 1. Descriptive Adjectives
 

These words tell us more about what something looks, feels, smells, or sounds like.


Examples:

  1. Mia drew a colorful picture.
    → The word colorful tells us the picture has lots of colors.

  2. The fluffy dog barked.
    → The word fluffy tells us the dog’s fur is soft and puffy.

  3. We saw a huge elephant at the zoo.
    → The word huge tells us the elephant is very big.

 

 2. Quantitative Adjectives
 

These words tell us how much or how many.
 

 Examples:

  1. I have three pencils.
    → The word three tells us how many pencils I have.

  2. He drank some juice.
    → The word some tells us he had a little juice (not all of it).

  3. She ate many cookies.
    → The word many tells us she ate a lot of cookies.

 

 3. Demonstrative Adjectives
 

These words point to specific things.
 

 Examples:
 

  1. This hat is mine.
    → The word this tells us which hat (the one near me).
     

  2. That bird is flying high.
    → The word that means the bird is far away.
     

  3. Those cupcakes look yummy.
    → The word those shows which cupcakes we're talking about (over there).

 

 4. Possessive Adjectives
 

These words show who owns something.
 

 Examples:
 

  1. My backpack is blue.
    → The word my tells us the backpack belongs to me.
     

  2. His dog is friendly.
    → The word his means the dog belongs to him.
     

  3. Their house has a swing.
    → The word their shows the house belongs to them.

 

 5. Interrogative Adjectives

These are question words that come before a noun.
 

 Examples:
 

  1. Which dress do you like?
    → The word which asks about a choice of dress.
     

  2. What game is your favorite?
    → The word what asks about the name of the game.
     

  3. Whose book is this?
    → The word whose asks who the book belongs to.

 

 6. Proper Adjectives

These come from names of countries, places, or people.
They always start with a capital letter.
 

 Examples:

  1. I ate Italian pizza.
    → The word Italian tells us the pizza is from Italy.

  2. We watched a French movie.
    → The word French means the movie is from France.

  3. She wore a Mexican dress.
    → The word Mexican shows the dress is from Mexico.

 

Mini Reading Activity – Lily and the Colorful Parade
 

Lily wore her bright red dress and carried a shiny balloon.
She walked with her happy dog, Max, in the big school parade.
There were loud drums, colorful flags, and silly costumes.
Max barked at a round float that had three smiling clowns.
Everyone clapped and cheered.
Lily said, “What a fun day!”

 

❓ Comprehension + Grammar Questions
 

 Part A: Find the Adjectives
 

  1. What color was Lily’s dress?

  2. What kind of balloon did she carry?

  3. How many clowns were on the float?

  4. Find 2 words that describe the parade or the dog.

 

 Part B: True or False
 

  • Lily had a shiny balloon. 

  • The clowns were scary.

  • “Three” is a number adjective. 

  • “Colorful” is a describing word. 

  • Max was a sad dog. 

 

 Part C: Think & Answer
 

  • What adjective would you use to describe your favorite toy?

  • Can you name 3 colors you see right now?

  • What’s something that smells yummy at home?

  • Make a sentence using the word happy.

 

 Creative Adjective Activities

 

 Adjective Rainbow Craft
 

Draw a big rainbow! On each color band, write an adjective:
 

 Red – spicy
Orange – bright
Yellow – happy
Green – soft
Blue – cold
Purple – sweet

 

​

 

 Adjective Detective!
 

Look around the room. Pick 5 objects. For each, write an adjective that describes it.

Example:
 

  • Chair – brown

  • Pillow – soft

  • Pencil – long

  • Shoes – dirty

  • Water – cold

 

 Describe-A-Friend Drawing

Draw a picture of a friend or family member. Around them, write 4 adjectives!

Example: kind, tall, funny, helpful

 

 Quick Recap – Let’s Remember!

Adjectives describe nouns!
They tell us more about people, animals, places, or things.
 

 Types of Adjectives:

  • Descriptive: colorful, fluffy, loud

  •  Quantitative: three, many, few

  •  Demonstrative: this, that, those

  •  Possessive: my, her, their

  •  Interrogative: which, what, whose

  •  Proper: Italian, French, Mexican​



    Verbs
     

Hello, Little Learners!

Today we are going to learn about something very exciting in English.
Can you guess what it is?

It’s called a verb.

Let’s say it together:
V-E-R-B… Verb!

Now say this sentence:
“Verbs are action words!”
 

What Is a Verb?

A verb is a word that tells us what someone or something is doing.
It shows an action, or sometimes a feeling, or even just being.

Imagine you are painting.
Or your puppy is jumping.
Or you are sleeping.

All these doing words are verbs.
 

Let’s See Some Easy Examples of Verbs
 

Run – to move fast on your feet
Sentence: I run in the playground.

Eat – to chew and swallow food
Sentence: I eat an apple.

Jump – to go up into the air
Sentence: I jump on the bed.

Sleep – to rest with eyes closed
Sentence: I sleep at night.

Sing – to make music with your voice
Sentence: I sing a happy song.

Read – to look at words in a book
Sentence: I read a story.

Clap – to hit your hands together
Sentence: I clap after the show.

Play – to have fun or play a game
Sentence: I play with my toys.

Smile – to show happiness with your face
Sentence: I smile when I’m happy.

Cry – to let out tears
Sentence: I cry when I’m sad.
 

Let’s  Act  It  Out!
 

Let’s play a game. I will say the verb, and you do the action.

Jump.
Clap.
Run in place.
Pretend to sleep.
Dance.

See? Verbs are fun because we can do them.
 

Why Are  Verbs  Important?
 

Verbs help us make sentences.
Without verbs, we don’t know what is happening.

“The cat.”
We don’t know what the cat is doing.

“The cat sleeps.”
Now we know the cat is resting.
 

Let’s Learn About the Types of Verbs
 

Verbs are not just one kind. There are different types.
 

1. Action Verbs

These verbs show something we do.

Examples:
Run, jump, eat, write, draw

Sentence:
I draw with crayons.
 

2. Feeling Verbs

These verbs show how we feel.

Examples:
Love, like, hate, enjoy, want

Sentence:
I like ice cream.
 

3. Being Verbs

These verbs show what we are. We are not doing anything, just being.

These special verbs are:
am, is, are, was, were

Examples:
I am happy.
She is six years old.
They are in the park.

We use these for different people and different times. We will learn that slowly.
 

Verb Rules 
 

Rule 1: Verbs Change With Time
 

Today (now):
I play
I eat

Yesterday (past):
I played
I ate

Tomorrow (future):
I will play
I will eat

This change in time is called tense.
 

Rule 2: Verbs Change With People Too

I eat a sandwich.
He eats a sandwich.
They eat together.

Sometimes we add -s or -es when we talk about he, she, or it.
 

Let’s Try Together
 

Find the verbs in this sentence:
 

The dog runs, and the girl laughs.

The verbs are:
runs and laughs
 

Practice Time
 

Circle the verbs:
 

I jump on the sofa.
My dad cooks yummy food.
We play with our dog.
The cat sleeps in the sun.
She smiles at me.
 

Verbs:
jump, cooks, play, sleeps, smiles
 

Fill in the blanks:
 

I ________ a book. (read)
The baby ________. (cry)
We ________ in the garden. (play)
He ________ his shoes. (wear)
They ________ at the park. (run)
 

Special Verb Tip: Verbs Can End in “-ing”
 

We use is / am / are + verb-ing to show what is happening right now.
 

Examples:
I am playing.
She is eating.
They are jumping.
 

Now answer this:
What are you doing now?

“I am reading this.”
 

You Are a Verb Superstar

 

Hello, My Bright Stars!
 

Today, we are going to learn something super cool in English.
We already know about verbs, right? Verbs are action words. They tell us what we do.

Now imagine a word that tells us how we do something, when we do it, or where we do it.

That word is called an adverb.

Say it with me:
A-D-V-E-R-B… Adverb!
 

What Is an Adverb?
 

An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb.
 

It can tell us:

How something happens

When something happens

Where something happens

How much or how often something happens

Adverbs give extra information. They help us understand the action better.
 

Let’s  Look  at  Some  Simple  Examples
 

She sings sweetly.
Sweetly tells us how she sings.

I woke up early.
Early tells us when I woke up.

The dog ran outside.
Outside tells us where the dog ran.

He eats slowly.
Slowly tells us how he eats.

We will go tomorrow.
Tomorrow tells us when we will go.

I always brush my teeth.
Always tells us how often I do it.

She is very happy.
Very tells us how much she is happy.
 

Adverbs Answer Important Questions
 

Adverbs often answer these questions:

How?
She runs quickly.
He speaks softly.

When?
We will eat soon.
She came yesterday.

Where?
Look up.
The kids are playing outside.

How often?
I always say thank you.
He never shouts.

How much?
I am very sleepy.
We are too tired.
 

Some Adverbs End in “-ly”
 

Some adverbs end in -ly. These usually tell us how something happens.
 

Examples:
 

Slow becomes slowly
The turtle walks slowly.

Happy becomes happily
She dances happily.

Loud becomes loudly
He speaks loudly.

Sweet becomes sweetly
The girl smiled sweetly.

Neat becomes neatly
I wrote neatly.
 

But remember, not all adverbs end in -ly.
 

Some adverbs are:
soon, now, always, never, too, very
 

Let’s  Play  Adverb  Detective
 

Find the adverbs in these sentences:
 

  • He runs quickly to the bus.

  • I brush my teeth twice a day.

  • We will go to the park tomorrow.

  • She smiled brightly.

  • They played outside.
     

The adverbs are:
quickly, twice, tomorrow, brightly, outside
 

Why Are Adverbs Important?
 

Look at this sentence:
 

She sings.

That is okay, but now look at this:

She sings beautifully.

Now we can imagine how she sings.

Adverbs make sentences clearer and more interesting.
 

Practice Time

Fill in the blanks with the correct adverb:
 

He ran ________. (slow, slowly)
We go to school ________. (always, loudly)
She finished her work ________. (neatly, soft)
I will call you ________. (yesterday, later)
The dog barked ________. (loudly, quickly)
 

Correct answers:
slowly, always, neatly, later, loudly
 

Example sentences:
 

  • I eat quietly in the library.

  • The baby sleeps peacefully.

  • He shouts loudly at the game.

  • She walks quickly to school.

  • The girl sings sweetly.
     

Adverbs Make Our  Sentences  Shine
 

Now you know:

What an adverb is

What it tells us

How to use it with verbs
 

Say it aloud:
“Adverbs tell us more.”
 

Hello, My  Little  Grammar  Stars!
 

Today we’re going to learn a very important part of English.

It helps words and sentences stick together.

It’s called a conjunction.

Say it with me:
CON-JUNC-TION
 

What Is a Conjunction?
 

A conjunction is a joining word.

It helps connect:

Words

Phrases

Sentences

Think of a conjunction like glue. It holds words together so they make sense.
 

Conjunctions Help Us Connect
 

Words to words:
I like cake and cookies.

Phrases to phrases:
I will go to the zoo or to the park.

Sentences to sentences:
I am tired, but I will finish my homework.
 

Common Conjunctions We Use
 

And

“And” adds things together.

Examples:

  • I like apples and bananas.

  • We played football and cricket.

  • She sings and dances.
     

Use “and” when you want to add more.
 

But

“But” shows something different or opposite.

Examples:

  • I want to play, but it’s raining.

  • He is small, but strong.

  • She ran fast, but didn’t win.
     

“But” shows a change or surprise.
 

Or

“Or” gives us a choice.

Examples:

  • Do you want milk or
    juice?

  • Should we go to the zoo or the museum?

  • Eat your lunch or no dessert.
     

Use “or” when choosing between two things.
 

Because

“Because” tells us why something happens.

Examples:

  • I am smiling because I am happy.

  • She is sad because her toy broke.

  • I love bedtime because of stories.
     

“Because” gives a reason.
 

So

“So” tells us what happens next.
 

Examples:

  • I was hungry, so I ate a sandwich.

  • It was raining, so I took my umbrella.

  • He studied hard, so he passed.
     

“So” shows a result.
 

If

“If” tells us something that might happen.
 

Examples:

  • If it rains, we will stay inside.

  • If you are good, I will give you a treat.

  • If you sleep early, you will feel fresh.
     

“If” means maybe.
 

When

“When” tells us the time something happens.
 

Examples:

  • I brush my teeth when I wake up.

  • We go outside when it is sunny.

  • I read a book when I am bored.
     

Why Do  We  Use  Conjunctions?
 

Look at these sentences:

  • I like ice cream.

  • I like cake.

  • I like cookies.
     

Now look at this:

I like ice cream, cake, and cookies.
 

That sounds smoother and better.
 

Another example:
I like ice cream, but I don’t like sprinkles.
 

Conjunctions help our sentences flow nicely.
 

Practice Time

Fill in the blanks with the correct conjunction:
 

  • I want to play, ______ it’s too hot.

  • Would you like milk ______ water?

  • I am laughing ______ the joke was funny.

  • I’ll bring my toy car ______ we go to the park.

  • I fell down, ______ I got hurt.

  • We can have pizza ______ pasta.

  • She is kind ______ brave.
     

Answers:
but, or, because, when, so, or, and
 

Find the Conjunctions
 

  • I love drawing and painting.

  • He was sleepy but didn’t go to bed.

  • If it’s sunny, we’ll go outside.

  • I ate lunch because I was hungry.

  • We danced and laughed so much.
     

Conjunctions:
and, but, if, because, and, so
 

You Are a Conjunction Master

 

Hello, My  Little  Word  Explorers!
 

Today we’re going to learn something very important in English.
We’ve already learned about verbs, adverbs, and conjunctions.

Now it’s time to meet a new helper word called a preposition.
 

Say it with me:
PRE-PO-SI-TION
 

What Is a Preposition?
 

A preposition is a small word that tells us about place, time, or movement.
It helps us understand where something is, when something happens, or how something moves.

Think of a preposition as a clue word. It helps us see the picture clearly.
 

Prepositions Are Position Words
 

Imagine your teddy bear.

The teddy is on the bed.
The teddy is under the table.
The teddy is next to the pillow.

The words on, under, and next to are prepositions.

They tell us the position of the teddy
 

Prepositions of Place (Where?)
 

These prepositions tell us where something is.

​

IN

We use in when something is inside another thing.

Example:

  • The toy is in the box.

ON

We use on when something is on top of another thing.

Example:

  • The cup is on the table.

UNDER

We use under when something is below something else.

Example:

  • The shoes are under the bed.

BEHIND

We use behind when something is at the back of another thing.

Example:

  • The cat is behind the curtain.

IN FRONT OF

We use in front of when something is before or facing another thing.

Example:

  • I am in front of the TV.

NEXT TO

We use next to when something is very close to something else.

Example:

  • The ball is next to the chair.

BETWEEN

We use between when something is in the middle of two things.

Example:

  • The dog is between the pillows.

ABOVE

We use above when something is higher than something else.

Example:

  • The clock is above the door.

BELOW

We use below when something is lower than something else.

Example:

  • The pencil is below the book.
     

Quick Tip for Kids
 

  • In → inside

  • On → on top

  • Under → below

  • Behind → at the back

  • In front of → before

  • Next to → beside

  • Between → in the middle

  • Above → higher

  • Below → lower
     

Examples:

  • The toy is in the box.

  • The cup is on the table.

  • The shoes are under the bed.

  • The cat is behind the curtain.

  • I am in front of the TV.

  • The ball is next to the chair.

  • The dog is between the pillows.

  • The clock is above the door.

  • The pencil is below the book.
     

Prepositions of Time (When?)
 

These prepositions tell us when something happens.
 

AT

We use at for a specific time.

Examples:

  • I sleep at 9 o’clock.

  • The class starts at 8 a.m.

  • We meet at noon.

ON

We use on for days and dates.

Examples:

  • My birthday is on Monday.

  • We have a test on Friday.

  • She came on July 10th.

IN

We use in for months, years, and long periods of time.

Examples:

  • We go on holiday in December.

  • I was born in 2015.

  • It is cold in winter.

BEFORE

We use before to talk about something that happens earlier.

Examples:

  • Wash your hands before dinner.

  • Read the book before bed.

  • Brush your teeth before school.

AFTER

We use after to talk about something that happens later.

Examples:

  • We will play after lunch.

  • Do your homework after school.

  • I feel tired after running.

DURING

We use during to talk about something that happens within a period of time.

Examples:

  • We read during story time.

  • Do not talk during the movie.

  • She slept during the trip.
     

Quick Tip for Kids

  • At → exact time

  • On → day or date

  • In → month, year, or long time

  • Before → earlier

  • After → later

  • During → in the middle of
     

Examples:

  • I sleep at 9 o’clock.

  • My birthday is on Monday.

  • We go on holiday in December.

  • Wash your hands before dinner.

  • We will play after lunch.

  • We read during story time.

     

Prepositions  of  Movement  (Where To?)

Prepositions of movement tell us where someone or something is going.
 

TO

We use to to show the direction or destination.

Example:

  • I am going to school.

INTO

We use into when something moves from outside to inside.

Example:

  • She ran into the room.

ONTO

We use onto when something moves from a lower place to a higher place.

Example:

  • He jumped onto the sofa.

OUT OF

We use out of when something moves from inside to outside.

Example:

  • The frog jumped out of the pond.

OFF

We use off when something moves away from a surface.

Example:

  • The cat jumped off the table.
     

Quick Tip for Kids
 

  • To → toward a place

  • Into → outside to inside

  • Onto → up to a surface

  • Out of → inside to outside

  • Off → away from a surface

Examples:

  • I am going to school.

  • She ran into the room.

  • He jumped onto the sofa.

  • The frog jumped out of the pond.

  • The cat jumped off the table.
     

Let’s Imagine Together

Think about your teddy bear again.
 

Teddy is on the bed.
Teddy is under the table.
Teddy is next to the lamp.
Teddy is in the toy box.
Teddy goes into the backpack.
Teddy jumps onto the chair.
Teddy falls off the chair.
 

Each bold word shows where Teddy is or where he is going.
 

Let’s Draw It

Try this activity:

Draw a box.

Draw a ball in the box.

Draw a cat on the box.

Draw a mouse under the box.

Draw a book next to the box.
 

This helps you understand prepositions better.
 

Practice Time

Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition:
 

  • The book is ___ the table.

  • The baby is sleeping ___ the bed.

  • The dog ran ___ the house.

  • My shoes are ___ the sofa.

  • We will go to grandma’s ___ Sunday.

  • I brush my teeth ___ bedtime.
     

Find the Prepositions

  • The apple is on the chair.

  • She went into the kitchen.

  • He is hiding behind the curtain.

  • We will play after dinner.

  • The bird flew over the car.
     

You Are a Preposition Pro

Now you know:

What a preposition is

How it shows place, time, and movement

How to use it in sentences
 

Say it with confidence:
“Prepositions show where and when.”

 



 

Hello, My Little Grammar Stars!

Today we are going to learn about some very special words in English.
These words help us show our feelings.

They are called interjections.

Say it with me:
IN-TER-JEC-TIONS

What Are Interjections?

Interjections are words we say when we feel something strong.
We use them when we are:

Happy

Sad

Surprised

Scared

Excited

Interjections are usually short.
They can stand alone, and we often use an exclamation mark after them.

Interjections Show Feelings
 

Here are some common interjections and what they show:

Wow!
We say this when something is amazing.
Example: Wow! That magic trick was amazing!

Oh no!
We say this when something goes wrong.
Example: Oh no! I lost my pencil.

Yay!
We say this when we are happy.
Example: Yay! We are going on a trip!

Ouch!
We say this when something hurts.
Example: Ouch! That bee stung me!

Hooray!
We say this when we celebrate.
Example: Hooray! We won the game!

Aha!
We say this when we understand something.
Example: Aha! I found the missing sock!

Uh-oh!
We say this when there is a small problem.
Example: Uh-oh! I spilled my juice.

Eh?
We say this when we are confused.
Example: Eh? What did you say?

Phew!
We say this when we feel relieved.
Example: Phew! I finished my homework on time.
 

When Do We Use Interjections?

We can use interjections:

At the beginning of a sentence
Oh no! My balloon flew away.

By themselves
Yay!

We often use them in stories and comics to make writing more interesting.
 

Why Are Interjections Important?
 

Interjections help us:

  • Show our feelings

  • Sound more natural when we speak

  • Make stories fun and lively

  • They help our words come alive.
     

A  Simple  Rule to  Remember

If your feeling is strong, use an exclamation mark.

Examples:

Wow! That is so cool!

Oh no! I forgot my bag!
 

If the feeling is soft, you can use a comma or no punctuation.

Example:

Hmm, I am not sure.
 

Practice Time

Match the interjection to the feeling:

Ouch
Hooray
Uh-oh
Aha
Wow

Feelings:

You are hurt

You are celebrating

Something went wrong

You figured something out

Something amazing happened
 

Try It Yourself

Make sentences using these interjections:

Yay

Oh no

Aha

Phew

Ouch
 

In  Short

Interjections are feeling words.
They are short, fun, and full of emotion.
You already use them when you talk.
 

Goodbye Interjection
 

Yippee! You learned something new today.
Keep enjoying English and keep practicing.

 

Hello, My Little Word Explorers!

Today we are going to learn something fun and a little tricky in English.
These are special phrases called idioms.
 

What Are Idioms?

Idioms are phrases that do not mean exactly what the words say.
They have a special meaning that people understand when they speak English.

Think of idioms like fun sayings that make our language more colorful.
 

Common Idioms for Kids
 

It’s raining cats and dogs

Meaning: It is raining very heavily.
Example: I couldn’t go outside because it was raining cats and dogs.
 

A piece of cake

Meaning: Something very easy.
Example: That homework was a piece of cake.
 

Break a leg

Meaning: Good luck.
Example: You are going on stage? Break a leg.
 

Spill the beans

Meaning: Tell a secret.
Example: Did you spill the beans about the surprise party?
 

Let the cat out of the bag

Meaning: Reveal a secret.
Example: I let the cat out of the bag about the gift.
 

Hit the hay

Meaning: Go to sleep.
Example: I am very tired. Time to hit the hay.
 

Under the weather

Meaning: Feeling sick.
Example: I didn’t go to school because I was feeling under the weather.
 

Cost an arm and a leg

Meaning: Very expensive.
Example: That toy robot costs an arm and a leg.
 

Once in a blue moon
Meaning: Something that happens very rarely.
Example: We go to the amusement park once in a blue moon.
 

Butterflies in my stomach
Meaning: Feeling nervous.
Example: I had butterflies in my stomach before my speech.
 

Story Time: The Day the Idioms Came Alive
 

One sunny morning, Lily the ladybug woke up feeling under the weather.
But today was the big school play, and she had to perform.

“Break a leg,” said her friend Benny the bee.

Lily smiled and said, “I hope it’s a piece of cake.”

As she flew to school, it started raining cats and dogs.
She got a little wet, but she didn’t mind.

At school, Benny accidentally spilled the beans about the surprise ending of the play.
“I guess I let the cat out of the bag,” he said.

Before going on stage, Lily felt butterflies in her stomach.
But she remembered her lines and did a great job.

After the show, everyone clapped.
Later that night, Lily went home and happily hit the hay.
 

Practice Time

Match the idiom to its meaning:

Piece of cake
Under the weather
Hit the hay
Let the cat out of the bag
Butterflies in my stomach

Meanings:

Go to sleep

Feeling nervous

Very easy

Told a secret

Feeling sick
 

In  Short

Idioms are fun phrases with special meanings.
They make our speaking and writing more interesting.
You will hear them often when people talk.
 

Tenses

Welcome to the World of Present Simple Tense
 

Hello little explorer.
Today we are going to learn about a very important tense in English called the Present Simple Tense.
 

Think of it like this:
We use it to talk about things that happen every day, again and again, or things that are always true.
 

What Is the Present Simple Tense?

We use the Present Simple Tense when we talk about:

  • Daily habits and routines

  • General facts and truths

  • Feelings and thoughts

  • Timetables and schedules

    Examples to Help You Understand

  • I brush my teeth every morning.
    This is something I do every day.

  • The sun rises in the east.
    This is a fact and is always true.

  • She likes ice cream.

       This tells us how someone feels.

  • School starts at 8 o’clock.
    This is a fixed schedule.
     

How Do We Use Verbs in Present Simple?
 

For I, You, We, They, we use the verb in its simple form.

Examples:
 

  • I play with my toys.

  • You like to read.

  • We eat dinner at night.

  • They run in the park.
     

For He, She, and It we add -s or -es to the verb.

Examples:
 

  • He plays football.

  • She likes strawberries.

  • It barks loudly.
     

Special Verb  Spellings

Sometimes the verb spelling changes a little:

Most verbs: add -s
read becomes reads
 

Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch: add -es
wash becomes washes
 

Verbs ending in consonant + y: change y to i and add -es
cry becomes cries
 

Verbs ending in vowel + y: just add -s
play becomes plays
 

Negative  Sentences

When something does not happen, we use do not or does not.
 

For I, You, We, They:

I do not like spiders.

They do not go to bed early.
 

For He, She, It:

He does not eat carrots.

It does not fly high.
 

Remember: after do not or does not, the verb stays in its simple form.
 

Asking Questions in Present Simple
 

For I, You, We, They:

Do you like pizza?

Do they play cricket?
 

For He, She, It:

Does she sing?

Does he walk to school?
 

Remember: in questions, the main verb stays in its simple form.
 

Time Words We Often Use

These words tell us that the sentence is in present simple:

  • Every day

  • Always

  • Never

  • Usually

  • Sometimes

  • Often

  • On Mondays, on Sundays
     

Example:
I always eat lunch at 1 PM.
 

Let’s  Read a  Short  Story
 

Milo is a fluffy white cat. He lives in a small house with his friend Lucy.
Every morning, Milo wakes up at 6 AM. He jumps out of bed and stretches his paws.
Then he walks to the kitchen and meows for milk. Lucy gives him a bowl of warm milk.
After breakfast, Milo sits by the window and watches the birds.
He loves sunny mornings.
 

All these actions happen every day, so we use the Present Simple Tense.
 

Practice Time

Fill in the blanks:

  • She ________ (play) the piano every day.

  • They ________ (not / eat) eggs.

  • Does he ________ (like) cartoons?

  • I ________ (brush) my teeth after breakfast.

  • The dog ________ (bark) at strangers.
     

Teacher’s Reminder

The Present Simple Tense helps us talk about things we do every day and things that are always true.

Practice by talking about your daily routine.

You are doing great.
 

What Is the Present Continuous Tense?

The Present Continuous Tense tells us about:

  • Things happening right now

  • Things happening around this time

  • Things that are planned for the near future
     

How Do  We  Make  It?

We use:

am / is / are + verb + ing

Examples:

  • I am playing.

  • He is dancing.

  • We are painting.
     

When Do We   Use  Present  Continuous?

1. Things happening right now

  • I am drawing a picture.

  • The dog is barking.
     

2. Things happening around this time

She is learning to bake.
This means she is learning these days, not only this moment.
 

3. Future plans

  • We are watching a movie tonight.

  • I am going to school tomorrow morning.
     

Spelling Rules for “-ing” Verbs

For most verbs, just add -ing
play becomes playing

If the verb ends in -e, drop the e and add -ing
write becomes writing

For short verbs with one vowel and one consonant, double the last letter and add -ing
run becomes running
 

Negative  Sentences

To make a negative sentence, add not after am, is, or are.

Examples:

  • I am not singing.

  • She is not playing.

  • They are not reading.
     

Asking Questions in Present Continuous

Put am, is, or are at the beginning.

Examples:

  • Am I reading?

  • Is she eating?

  • Are they playing?

  • ​

Answers:

Yes, you are. / No, you are not.

Yes, she is. / No, she is not.

Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
 

Remember:
The verb always stays in the -ing form.

​

Practice Time

Fill in the blanks:

  • I ________ (read) a book.

  • She ________ (write) a letter.

  • They ________ (play) outside.

  • He ________ (not / watch) TV.

  • ________ you ________ (listen) to me?
     

Teacher’s Tip

Look around you and say what is happening now.
For example:
“I am learning English.”

You are doing very well. Keep practicing.
 

What Is the Past Simple Tense?
 

Imagine we are time travelers!
The Past Simple Tense is the way we talk about things that already happened — yesterday, last week, a minute ago, or even 100 years ago.

We use Past Simple when we want to say what someone did in the past.
 

How to spot past simple tense?

You will see verbs in their past form.

For example:
walk → walked
eat → ate
go → went
play → played
 

Some verbs just add -ed — like jump → jumped.
Some verbs change completely — like go → went (these are called irregular verbs).
 

Regular vs. Irregular Verbs

1. Regular Verbs (Add “-ed” to make past form)

Base Verb
walk
play
cook
clean

Past Form
walked
played
cooked
cleaned
 

Spelling rules:
Stop → stopped (double the final consonant if verb ends in consonant-vowel-consonant)
Study → studied (change ‘y’ to ‘i’ if it follows a consonant)
 

2. Irregular Verbs (Change completely – must be memorized)

Base Verb
go
eat
see
take
buy
have
be

Past Form
went
ate
saw
took
bought
had
was / were
 

Note: Irregular verbs do NOT follow a fixed rule.
 

Time Expressions Common with Past Simple

  • yesterday

  • last week / month / year

  • two days ago

  • in 1990

  • when I was a child
     

How to make past simple tense?

Positive Sentences

Subject + Past Verb + Other Words

Examples:
I played with my cat.
She went to school.
They ate ice cream.
We watched a movie.
He danced at the party.
 

Negative Sentences

Subject + did not (didn’t) + base verb (present form)

Examples:
I did not eat the cookie.
She didn't go to the park.
They didn’t watch the show.
He didn't play football.
 

Look carefully: We use did not, and then the verb goes back to its normal form.
 

Question Sentences

Did + Subject + base verb + Other Words?

Examples:
Did you go to school?
Did he play with you?
Did she eat the apple?
Did they watch the cartoon?
 

When do we use past simple?
 

To talk about yesterday
I played in the garden yesterday.
 

Last week, last night, last month
She painted her room last week.
 

In the morning / afternoon
He visited grandma this morning.
 

A specific time in the past
We went to the zoo on Sunday.
The bird flew away a minute ago.
 

A Fun  Story

“Milo’s Lost Sock”

One rainy morning, Milo the monkey woke up early.
He looked under his bed but he couldn’t find his sock.
He ran to the living room.
He asked, “Mom, did you see my sock?”
Mom smiled and said, “You left it in the garden!”
Milo ran outside, and yes, the sock was on the swing.
He picked it up, laughed, and danced in the rain.
 

Let’s Practice

Fill in the blanks with the past tense:

  • I ______ (walk) to school yesterday.

  • She ______ (eat) a mango.

  • We ______ (watch) cartoons.

  • He ______ (go) to the zoo.

  • They ______ (play) with their puppy.
     

Future  Simple Tense 

What is the Future Simple tense?

The Future Simple tense tells us about things that will happen later — tomorrow, tonight, next week, or sometime in the future.

We usually use will + the base (normal) verb.

Example:

  • I will eat ice cream tomorrow.

  • When do we use it?

We use will for:

  • Promises

  • I will help you.

Predictions (what we think will happen)
It will rain tomorrow.

Offers
I will carry your bag.

Decisions we make now
I’m hungry — I will make a sandwich.
 

How do we make it?

Positive (Affirmative)
Subject + will + base verb

  • I will play.

  • She will read.

  • They will come.

Negative
Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb

  • I will not play.

  • He won’t eat the cake.
    Note: won’t = will not

Questions
Will + subject + base verb + ?

  • Will you come?

  • Will she help?

Short answers
Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.
 

Regular & Irregular verbs in Future  Simple

In Future Simple, the verb never changes.
After will, we always use the base form.

Regular: play → I will play
Irregular: go → She will go

No extra endings, no changes.

 Examples 

  • I will play football tomorrow.
    I will not play football.

  • Will you play football tomorrow?

  • Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

  • She will eat a sandwich later.

  • She won’t eat the sandwich.

  • Will she eat the sandwich?

  • We will go to the park on Sunday.

  • We won’t go if it rains.

  • Will we go to the park?

  • I will help you with your homework.

  • I won’t help you if you are mean.

  • Will you help me?

  • They will come to the party.

  • They won’t come if they are sick.

  • Will they come to the party?

  • He will be happy.

  • He won’t be sad.

  • Will he be late?

  • I will see the movie next week.

  • I won’t see it today.

  • Will you see the movie?

  • Mom will buy apples tomorrow.

  • Mom won’t buy candy tonight.

  • Will Mom buy apples?
     

Time Words Used with Future Simple

  • Tomorrow

  • Next week / month / year

  • Soon

  • Later

  • Tonight

  • In two days
     

Example:
I will call you tomorrow.
 

Short Reading 

“The Surprise Picnic”

Tomorrow, Sara will wake up early.
She will pack her red picnic basket.
Her grandma will prepare sandwiches and juice.
Sara’s friend Tom will bring a big blanket.
They will walk to the little park near the pond.

At the park, birds will sing.
Sara will spread the blanket and they will sit down.
They will eat sandwiches and will feed crumbs to the ducks.
Later, they will play games and will laugh a lot.

When the sun goes down, they will clean the place and will walk home smiling.
It will be a lovely day.
 

Practice Time 

A. Fill in the blanks (use will + verb)
I will visit Grandma next week.
She won’t come tonight.
Will you help me with my bag?
We will go to the zoo tomorrow.
He won’t eat broccoli.
 

B. Change to negative
They won’t sing.
I won’t join the game.
She won’t finish the puzzle.
 

C. Make questions
Will you come?
Will they play?
Will she call?
 

Future Continuous Tense 

What is the Future Continuous tense?

The Future Continuous tense tells us about something that will be happening at a certain time in the future.
 

Example:
At 8 PM tonight, I will be eating dinner.
This means the action will be happening at that time, not finished yet.
 

When do we use it?

We use will be + verb-ing for:

Actions happening at a future time
At 9 AM tomorrow, I will be sitting in class.

Plans and arrangements
We will be visiting Grandma next weekend.

Guessing what will be happening
Don’t call him now — he will be sleeping.

Polite questions about plans
Will you be joining us for dinner?

How do we make it?
 

Positive
Subject + will be + verb-ing
I will be playing.
She will be reading.
They will be swimming.
 

Negative
Subject + will not be (won’t be) + verb-ing
I won’t be playing.
He won’t be eating.
We won’t be travelling.
 

Questions
Will + subject + be + verb-ing + ?
Will you be coming?
Will she be singing?
Will they be watching TV?
 

Short answers
Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

 Examples

  • I will be playing football at 5 PM.

  • I won’t be playing football at 5 PM.

  • Will you be playing football at 5 PM?

  • She will be eating dinner at 7 PM.

  • She won’t be eating dinner at 7 PM.

  • Will she be eating dinner at 7 PM?

  • We will be going to the zoo tomorrow morning.

  • We won’t be going to the zoo tomorrow morning.

  • Will we be going to the zoo tomorrow?

  • I will be studying for my test tomorrow afternoon.

  • I won’t be studying in the morning.

  • Will you be studying tomorrow?

  • They will be watching a movie at 8 PM.

  • They won’t be watching a movie tonight.

  • Will they be watching a movie tonight?
     

Time Words for Future Continuous

This time tomorrow
At 5 PM
Later this evening
Next week at this time
All day tomorrow
Tonight at 9 PM

Example:
This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris.
 

Short Reading
“The Funfair Evening”

Next Saturday evening, Mia and her friends will be at the funfair.
At 6 PM, they will be riding the Ferris wheel and laughing.
By 7 PM, they will be eating cotton candy and watching performers.
At 8 PM, Mia will be playing games, while her friends will be taking photos.

Later, they will be dancing near the stage.
When the fireworks start, everyone will be looking at the sky.
It will be a night to remember.
 

Practice Time

  • This time tomorrow, I will be swimming in the pool.

  • We won’t be travelling next weekend.

  • Will you be playing games when I call?

  • She will be reading her book at 9 PM.

  • They won’t be watching TV at that time.
     

Fun Activity Idea

Draw a clock and write what you will be doing at:
8 AM tomorrow
12 PM tomorrow
6 PM tomorrow

Example:
At 8 AM, I will be eating breakfast.
 

Teacher's Tips

Think: “At this time in the future, what will be happening?”
Always use will be + verb-ing.
Won’t be = will not be.

You are doing great.
Now you can talk about the future with confidence.

 

CAN  for  Ability

Hello, children! Today we are learning a very helpful word: CAN.
This small word tells us what we are able to do. It is easy to use and you will need it every day.
 

What Does “Can” Mean?

We use can to talk about things we know how to do.

Think of “can” like a little badge of ability.
When you say,
“I can do it!”
you are telling everyone that you have the skill or power to do something.
 

The Rule

The rule for using “can” is simple:

Subject + can + verb (base form)

The verb stays simple.
No “s”, no “ing”, no “ed”.
 

 Examples

I can swim.

She can read.

They can jump.

We can dance.

 

When Do We Use “Can”?

1. To talk about abilities

Abilities are things you are able to do.

  • I can draw pictures.

  • He can sing well.

  • She can run fast.
     

2. To talk about skills

Skills are things you have learned.

  • I can ride a bicycle.

  • She can speak English.

  • We can play the guitar.
     

3. To talk about what is possible

  • You can open your book.

  • We can help our friend.

  • He can try again.
     

The Negative Form:  CAN’T

When you are not able to do something, use cannot or can’t.

  • I can’t fly.

  • She can’t drive a car.

  • They can’t swim yet.

  • He can’t cook.
     

“Yet” is a helpful word. It means you may be able to do it in the future.
 

Questions with “Can”

To ask a question, put can at the beginning.

Can + subject + verb?

  • Can you swim?

  • Can she read?

  • Can he dance?

  • Can we play outside?

To answer, say:
Yes, I can.
or
No, I can’t.
 

 Examples

  • The baby can crawl now.

  • My dog can catch a ball.

  • Birds can fly in the sky.

  • I can write my name neatly.

  • She can skip rope very fast.

  • We can finish our homework together.
     

Mini Practice

A. Fill in the blanks with “can” or “can’t”:

  • I ___ draw a house.

  • Fish ___ walk.

  • We ___ read stories.

  • She ___ drive a car.

  • My cat ___ climb a tree.
     

B. Make sentences with “can”:

  • I / sing

  • She / jump

  • We / play football
     

C. Answer the questions:

Can you swim?

Can birds fly?

Can a baby drive a car?

Teacher’s Tip

Whenever you learn something new, say it proudly:
“I can do it!”
Because every day you grow, learn, and can do more.

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